Journal: eLife

Article Title: Regulative synthesis of capsular polysaccharides in the pathogenesis of Streptococcus suis

doi: 10.7554/eLife.101760

Figure Lengend Snippet: Mice were inoculated with acetic acid through the nostril, and 1 hr later, infected intranasally (i.n.) with 05ZYH33. ( A ) Sagittal views of the olfactory system. Sections of the distal nasal cavity and olfactory epithelium from uninfected (a, c, and e) and 05ZYH33-infected (b, d, and f) mice. Red or orange, 05ZYH33; green, the neuronal marker β-tubulin III; blue, DNA. NC, nasal cavity; OE, olfactory epithelium; LP, lamina propria; CP, cribriform plate; OB, olfactory bulb. ( B ) A schematic drawing of the sagittal plane of the rodent nose elucidates the compartments of the olfactory bulb (OB), olfactory epithelium (OE), nasal cavity (NC), and brain. This panel is redrawn from ‘Mouse Olfactory System’ ( inspiredpencil.com ). The dotted line indicates the anteroposterior localization of the coronal sections in C. ( C ) One hour or nine days after 05ZYH33 infection, coronal brain sections were prepared and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). The sections display the regions of the ventral striatum and basal forebrain located behind the anterior olfactory nucleus. Arrows indicate infiltrated inflammatory cells in the lower areas of the ventral striatum or basal forebrain. ( D, E ) Mice were inoculated with acetic acid or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and 1 hr later infected i.n. with 05ZYH33 or ∆2BSS2. ( D ) Colony-forming units (CFUs) of 05ZYH33 or ( E ) ∆2BSS2 in nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT), the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and blood were determined 1 hr after infection.

Article Snippet: Immunostaining was conducted using a primary rabbit anti- S. suis antibody (1:100) and a mouse anti-tubulin beta III antibody (Merck Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany catalog no. mab5564, 1:300) to detect neuronal structures, and then appropriate fluorophore-conjugated secondary antibodies: donkey anti-rabbit Cy3 (Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories, Ely, UK, catalog no. 711-166-152, 1:1000), donkey anti-mouse FITC (Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories, Ely, UK, catalog no. 715-096-150, 1:500).

Techniques: Infection, Marker, Staining, Saline

Journal: Neural Regeneration Research

Article Title: miRNA-21-5p is an important contributor to the promotion of injured peripheral nerve regeneration using hypoxia-pretreated bone marrow–derived neural crest cells

doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.390956

Figure Lengend Snippet: Promotion of axonal outgrowth and regrowth by miR-21-5p-enriched H-NCC-EVs and miR-21-5p on neurons. (A) Relatively higher expression of miR-21-5p in H-NCC-EV-treated neurons. (B) Relatively higher expression of miR-21-5p in neurons of the mimic transfection group. (C) Schematic of neurons cultured in a microfluidic device. Primary neurons were loaded in the soma chamber side, and axons traversed the microgrooves to extend into the axon chamber side. This was followed by TUJ1 (green, FITC) immunofluorescence staining analysis. (D, F) Representative images of TUJ1 (red, Cy3) stained axons of intact neurons at 72 hours and regenerated axons at 24 hours after treatment respectively in different groups. This showed longer axons in the miR-21-5p mimics group and H-NCC-EV group compared with those in the control group and NC group. The pro-growth or pro-regrowth effect of H-NCC-EVs could be attenuated by antagomiR-21-5p. Scale bars: 100 μm. (E) Scatter plot showing a longer average length of outgrowing axons in the H-NCC-EV and miR-21-5p groups. Outgrowth could be attenuated by antagomiR-21-5p. (G) Scatter plot showing a longer average length of re-growing axons post-axotomy in the H-NCC-EV and miR-21-5p groups; re-growth could be attenuated by antagomiR-21-5p. Data are presented as mean ± SEM ( n = 3). * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01 (Student’s t -test for A; one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s multiple comparison test for B, E, and G). Axotomy + EV + antagomiR-21-5p: Axotomy + H-NCC-EV + antagomiR-21-5p; EV + antagomiR-21-5p: H-NCC-EV + antagomiR-21-5p; FITC: fluorescein isothiocyanate; H-NCC-EVs: hypoxia-pretreated neural crest cell-derived extracellular vesicles; TUJ1: β-tubulin III.

Article Snippet: Mouse anti β-tubulin III antibody , 1:500 , Abcam , Cambridge, UK , ab78078 , AB_2256751.

Techniques: Expressing, Transfection, Cell Culture, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Control, Comparison, Derivative Assay